Why in News?

The deal was finalized after a competitive bidding process managed by IN-SPACe, the single-window agency for promoting and regulating space activities in India. HAL emerged as the winning bidder over two other consortia. This “Transfer of Technology” (ToT) is a major step in the government’s policy to open the space sector to Indian industry, aiming to boost India’s share in the global satellite launch market.

Key Details of the Deal

• Deal Value: ₹511 Crore. This is the amount HAL will pay for the complete technology transfer.
• Agencies Involved: The agreement will be formally signed between HAL, NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), ISRO, and IN-SPACe.
• Handholding Period: ISRO will provide extensive training and support to HAL for the next two years. During this period, HAL will build at least two SSLVs under ISRO’s direct guidance.
• Future Production: After the initial two years, HAL will independently manufacture, own, and operate SSLV launches. The goal is to produce 6-10 SSLV rockets annually, depending on market demand.

About the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)

The SSLV is one of ISRO’s newest and most versatile rockets, designed specifically for the booming small satellite market.

• Function: It is a cost-effective vehicle for launching satellites weighing up to 500 kg into Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
• Key Features:
  
  • Low Cost: Cheaper to build and launch compared to bigger rockets like the PSLV.
  • Quick Turnaround: Can be assembled and made ready for launch in just a few days, offering “launch-on-demand” capability.
  • Flexibility: Can carry multiple small satellites in a single mission.
• Technical Specs:
  
  • Height: 34 meters
  • Diameter: 2 meters
  • Mass: ~120 tonnes
  • Propulsion: It is a three-stage rocket using solid fuel, with a liquid-fueled Velocity Trimming Module (VTM) for precise satellite injection into orbit.

Key Takeaways for Aspirants

• Shift in Space Policy: This deal is a prime example of India’s new space policy, which encourages private sector participation to transform the country into a global space hub.
• Role of Key Agencies:
  
  • ISRO: The developer of the technology and the national space agency.
  • HAL: The public sector manufacturer that will now produce and operate the SSLV.
  • NSIL (NewSpace India Limited): The commercial arm of ISRO, responsible for marketing and commercializing space products. It will handle the commercial aspects of the contract.
  • IN-SPACe: The regulator and promoter that facilitates such partnerships between ISRO and private/public sector companies.
• Economic Impact: By enabling industrial production of SSLVs, India aims to capture a larger share of the global small satellite launch market, which is projected to be worth billions of dollars.

Additional Information: Understanding the Context

• Why a separate rocket for small satellites? Previously, small satellites had to “piggyback” on larger PSLV missions, often leading to long waiting times. The SSLV provides a dedicated, faster, and more affordable “taxi to space” for these smaller payloads.
• HAL’s Role in Space: While known for manufacturing aircraft like the Tejas fighter jet, HAL has been a long-time partner of ISRO, supplying components for its rocket programs. This deal represents a major expansion of its role in the space sector.
• The Future: This move, along with the rise of private startups like Skyroot and Agnikul, is set to create a vibrant and competitive space ecosystem in India, driving innovation and generating high-skilled jobs.

Summary Table